前言
最近文章的产出确实很少,因为我正在写一本Android进阶书籍,两头很难兼顾,但是每个月也得至少发一篇博客。上一篇我们介绍了Retrofit的使用方法,这一篇我们照例来学习Retrofit的源码。1.Retrofit的创建过程
当我们使用Retrofit请求网络时,首先要写请求接口:
public interface IpService { @GET("getIpInfo.php?ip=59.108.54.37") CallgetIpMsg();
接着我们通过调用如下代码来创建Retrofit:
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(url) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build();
Retrofit 是通过建造者模式构建出来的,接下来查看Builder方法做了什么:
public Builder() { this(Platform.get()); }
很简短,查看Platform的get方法,如下所示。
private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform(); static Platform get() { return PLATFORM; } private static Platform findPlatform() { try { Class.forName("android.os.Build"); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) { return new Android(); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("java.util.Optional"); return new Java8(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("org.robovm.apple.foundation.NSObject"); return new IOS(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } return new Platform(); }
Platform的get方法最终调用的是findPlatform方法,根据不同的运行平台来提供不同的线程池。接下来查看build方法,代码如下所示。
public Retrofit build() { if (baseUrl == null) {//1 throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required."); } okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;//2 if (callFactory == null) { callFactory = new OkHttpClient();//3 } Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor == null) { callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();//4 } ListadapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);//5 adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); List converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);//6 return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories, callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }
从注释1处可以看出baseUrl 是必须指定的。注释2处callFactory默认为this.callFactory,this.callFactory就是我们在构建Retrofit时调用callFactory方法所传进来的,如下所示。
public Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) { this.callFactory = checkNotNull(factory, "factory == null"); return this; }
因此,如果需要对OkHttpClient进行设置,则可以构建OkHttpClient对象,然后调用callFactory方法将设置好的OkHttpClient传进去。注释3处,如果没有设置callFactory则直接创建OkHttpClient。注释4的callbackExecutor用来将回调传递到UI线程。注释5的adapterFactories主要用于存储对Call进行转化的对象,后面在Call的创建过程会再次提到它。注释6处的converterFactories主要用于存储转化数据对象,后面也会提及到。此前在例子中调用的addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()),就是设置返回的数据支持转换为Gson对象。最终会返回配置好的Retrofit类。
2.Call的创建过程
紧接着我们创建Retrofit实例并调用如下代码来生成接口的动态代理对象:
IpService ipService = retrofit.create(IpService.class);
接下来看Retrofit的create方法做了什么,代码如下所示。
publicT create(final Class service) { Utils.validateServiceInterface(service); if (validateEagerly) { eagerlyValidateMethods(service); } return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class [] { service }, new InvocationHandler() { private final Platform platform = Platform.get(); @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object... args) throws Throwable { // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation. if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) { return method.invoke(this, args); } if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) { return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args); } ServiceMethod serviceMethod = loadServiceMethod(method);//1 OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args); return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall); } }); }
可以看到create方法返回了一个Proxy.newProxyInstance动态代理对象,当我们调用IpService的getIpMsg方法最终会调用InvocationHandler的invoke 方法,它有3个参数,第一个是代理对象,第二个是调用的方法,第三个是方法的参数。注释1处的loadServiceMethod(method)中的method就是我们定义的getIpMsg方法。接下来查看loadServiceMethod方法里做了什么:
private final MapserviceMethodCache = new LinkedHashMap<>(); ServiceMethod loadServiceMethod(Method method) { ServiceMethod result; synchronized (serviceMethodCache) { result = serviceMethodCache.get(method); if (result == null) { result = new ServiceMethod.Builder(this, method).build(); serviceMethodCache.put(method, result); } } return result; }
首先会从serviceMethodCache查询传入的方法是否有缓存,如果有就用缓存的ServiceMethod,如果没有就创建一个,并加入serviceMethodCache缓存起来。接下来看ServiceMethod是如何构建的,代码如下所示。
public ServiceMethod build() { callAdapter = createCallAdapter();//1 responseType = callAdapter.responseType();//2 if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) { throw methodError("'" + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName() + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?"); } responseConverter = createResponseConverter();//3 for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) { parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);//4 } ... int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler [parameterCount]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", parameterType); } Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];//5 if (parameterAnnotations == null) { throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found."); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); } ... return new ServiceMethod<>(this); }
注释1处调用了createCallAdapter方法,它最终会得到我们在构建Retrofit调用build方法时adapterFactories添加的对象的get方法,Retrofit的build方法部分代码:
ListadapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories); adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
adapterFactories列表默认会添加defaultCallAdapterFactory,defaultCallAdapterFactory指的是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory,ExecutorCallAdapterFactory的get方法如下所示。
public CallAdapter> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null; } final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType); return new CallAdapter >() { @Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } @Override public Call adapt(Call call) { return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call); } }; }
get方法会得到CallAdapter对象,它的responseType方法会返回数据的真实类型,比如 Call<IpModel>
,它就会返回IpModel。adapt方法会创建ExecutorCallbackCall,它会将call的回调转发至UI线程。
serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)
,callAdapter的adapt方法前面讲过,它会创建ExecutorCallbackCall,ExecutorCallbackCall的部分代码如下所示。 ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Calldelegate) { this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor; this.delegate = delegate; } @Override public void enqueue(final Callback callback) { if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null"); delegate.enqueue(new Callback () {//1 @Override public void onResponse(Call call, final Response response) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (delegate.isCanceled()) { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled")); } else { callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response); } } }); } @Override public void onFailure(Call call, final Throwable t) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t); } }); } }); }
可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall是对Call的封装,它主要添加了通过callbackExecutor将请求回调到UI线程。
当我们得到Call对象后会调用它的enqueue方法,其实调用的是ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法,而从注释1处可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法最终调用的是delegate的enqueue方法。delegate从Retrofit的create方法的代码中我们知道它其实就是OkHttpCall。3.Call的enqueue方法
接下来我们就来查看OkHttpCall的enqueue方法,代码如下所示。
public void enqueue(final Callbackcallback) { if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null"); okhttp3.Call call; ... call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {//1 @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { Response response; try { response = parseResponse(rawResponse);//2 } catch (Throwable e) { callFailure(e); return; } callSuccess(response); } ... }
注释1处调用了okhttp3.Call的enqueue方法。注释2处调用parseResponse方法:
ResponseparseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body(); ... int code = rawResponse.code(); if (code < 200 || code >= 300) { try { ResponseBody bufferedBody = Utils.buffer(rawBody); return Response.error(bufferedBody, rawResponse); } finally { rawBody.close(); } } if (code == 204 || code == 205) { return Response.success(null, rawResponse); } ExceptionCatchingRequestBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingRequestBody(rawBody); try { T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody);//2 return Response.success(body, rawResponse); } catch (RuntimeException e) { catchingBody.throwIfCaught(); throw e; } }
根据返回的不同的状态码code值来做不同的操作,如果顺利则会调用注释2处的代码,接下来看toResponse方法里做了什么:
T toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); }
这个responseConverter就是此前讲过在ServiceMethod的build方法调用createResponseConverter方法返回的Converter,在此前的例子中我们传入的是GsonConverterFactory,因此可以查看GsonConverterFactory的代码,如下所示。
public final class GsonConverterFactory extends Converter.Factory {... @Override public ConverterresponseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { TypeAdapter adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type)); return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter); }... }
在GsonConverterFactory 中有一个方法responseBodyConverter,它最终会创建GsonResponseBodyConverter:
final class GsonResponseBodyConverterimplements Converter { private final Gson gson; private final TypeAdapter adapter; GsonResponseBodyConverter(Gson gson, TypeAdapter adapter) { this.gson = gson; this.adapter = adapter; } @Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException { JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream()); try { return adapter.read(jsonReader); } finally { value.close(); } }}
在GsonResponseBodyConverter的convert方法里会将回调的数据转换为Json格式。因此我们也知道了此前调用responseConverter.convert
是为了转换为特定的数据格式。